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摘要:
黄河是中国第二长河，其形成和演化对中国地貌格局的演化和古气候变化具有重要的指示意义。19世纪以来，陆续有学者提出黄河在沿三门峡入海之前曾由河套盆地向东经由永定河入海的猜想，这一假想的河流可称为“北黄河”。这一猜想在地理学领域有较广泛的影响，然而，一直以来却鲜有证据明确证实或证伪这一猜想。本文综合新近发表的华北平原钻孔物源证据、汾渭盆地沉积和三门峡地区的地貌证据对这一猜想进行了探讨。这些证据表明，在约1.6 MaBP之前，位于永定河冲积扇及渤海湾沿岸的所有钻孔均未接收到来自黄河上游和中游的物质，表明此阶段三门峡和北黄河都未开通；而在约1.6 MaBP后，黄河上游和中游的物质开始进入渤海湾，但永定河冲积扇仍缺乏来自黄河上游和中游的物质。结合汾渭盆地三门组在约1.6 Ma快速结束并转变为黄土沉积的证据判断：黄河在约1.6 Ma以前尚未贯通，在约1.6 Ma以后经由三门峡进入华北平原东流入海，即黄河从未经由永定河入海。
Abstract:As the second longest river in China, the formation and evolution of the Yellow River is of great significance to the evolution of geomorphic pattern and paleoclimate change in China. Since the 19th century, scholars have put forward a hypothesis that the Yellow River once entered the sea from Hetao Basin to the east through the Yongding River before entering the sea along the Sanmen Gorge. This imaginary river can be called "North proto-Yellow River" and has wide influence in the field of geography. However, there has been little evidence to definitively confirm or disprove it. In this paper, this hypothesis was discussed based on recently published data of the boreholes in the North China Plain, the sedimentary evidence in the Fenwei Basin, and the geomorphic evidence in the Sanmen Gorge. These lines of evidence show that no materials from the Upper and Middle reaches of the Yellow River had been transported to these boreholes located in the alluvial fan of the Yongding River and along the coast of Bohai Bay before 1.6 Ma, indicating that the Sanmen Gorge and the North proto-Yellow River were not opening at this time. The materials from the Upper and Middle reaches of the Yellow River began to enter the Bohai Bay after 1.6 Ma, and the alluvial fan of the Yongding River still lacked materials from the Upper and Middle reaches of the Yellow River. Combined with the sedimentary evidence from the Sanmen Formation in the Fenwei Basin where the lacustrine depositions rapidly ended and changed to loess depositions at about 1.6 Ma, it could be concluded that the Yellow River was not yet fully connected before 1.6 Ma, and it entered the North China Plain through Sanmen Gorge, and thus the Yellow River never flowed into the sea through the Yongding River.
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Key words:
- Yellow River evolution /
- provenance /
- Yongding River /
- Sanmen Gorge
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