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摘要:
对信阳上天梯珍珠岩的矿物学特征进行了较全面的基础研究。以光学显微镜、X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电镜和矿物自动分析仪等研究了珍珠岩矿的矿物学特征，并测试了其含水量及膨胀倍数等性能。研究表明，上天梯珍珠岩以珍珠结构、玻璃质结构和致密块状构造为主，玻璃质含量一般大于90%。珍珠岩的球珠边缘或微裂隙中脱玻化形成了少量微细矿物蒙脱石、斜发沸石，还存在微量高岭石、长石、铁矿物(褐铁矿)等矿物。珍珠岩矿的TFe含量平均在0.6%左右，结合水含量在4%~6%，工业膨胀倍数>15倍，属于I类珍珠岩。
Abstract:A comprehensive and fundamental research on the mineralogical characters of perlite ore in Xinyang Shangtianti were done for the first time. Optical microscope, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, advanced mineral identification and characterization system were used to investigate the mineralogical characters of perlite ore, and the amount of bound water content in perlite ore and its expansion ratio were also tested. Results show that the perlite ore in Shangtianti mostly possess perlitic structure, glassy texture and dense massive structure. The content of amorphous substance is greater than 90%. A small amount of fine particles such as montmorillonite and clinoptilolite were formed at the edge of perlite balls or in the cracks due to devitrification. Besides, trace amount of kaolinite, feldspar, iron ore (limonite), etc. were also detected in perlite ore. For perlite ore, the average amount of TFe is around 0.6%, the bound water is in the range of 4%~6%, and the industrial expansion ratio is greater than 15, and the perlite ore is class I perlite.
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Key words:
- Shangtianti /
- perlite ore /
- process mineralogy /
- expansion ratio
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表 1 上天梯珍珠岩主要元素含量
Table 1. XRF analysis results of perlite ore obtained from Shangtianti
/% 矿区 编号 SiO2 Al2O3 TFe MgO CaO Na2O K2O MnO TiO2 P2O5 LOI 合计 H区 H-01 72.19 12.76 0.63 0.16 0.69 3.00 4.64 0.05 0.08 0.01 5.76 99.97 H-0102 72.03 12.60 0.65 0.25 0.77 2.80 4.30 0.05 0.08 0.01 6.43 99.97 H-0103 72.32 12.63 0.60 0.14 0.70 3.02 4.62 0.05 0.07 0.01 5.80 99.96 H-0104 72.23 12.70 0.63 0.15 0.68 3.01 4.68 0.05 0.08 0.01 5.75 99.97 H-0105 72.34 12.59 0.65 0.13 0.70 3.05 4.81 0.05 0.08 0.01 5.57 99.98 S区 S-01 72.40 12.73 0.64 0.17 0.78 3.04 4.66 0.05 0.08 0.01 5.40 99.96 S-0101 72.79 12.62 0.65 0.08 0.69 3.24 5.04 0.05 0.08 0.01 4.71 99.96 S-0102 72.42 12.55 0.67 0.22 0.83 2.98 4.79 0.05 0.09 0.01 5.36 99.97 S-0103 72.27 12.81 0.65 0.27 0.79 2.86 4.79 0.05 0.08 0.01 5.39 99.97 S-0104 72.29 12.91 0.64 0.26 0.76 2.98 4.85 0.05 0.09 0.01 5.12 99.96 S-0105 72.33 12.80 0.67 0.24 0.75 2.92 4.84 0.07 0.08 0.01 5.26 99.97 Q区 Q 72.80 12.78 0.67 0.16 0.69 3.49 4.48 0.05 0.08 0.01 4.76 99.97 T区 T 72.40 12.85 0.64 0.15 0.69 2.87 4.94 0.06 0.08 0.01 5.29 99.98 J区 J 72.45 12.71 0.67 0.10 0.91 3.50 4.46 0.06 0.07 0.01 5.04 99.98 
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表 2 上天梯珍珠岩矿物相组成
Table 2. XRD analysis results of perlite ore obtained from Shangtianti
/% 矿区名称 编号 蒙脱石 斜发沸石 玻璃质 H矿区 H-01 4.7 - 95.3 H-0102 5.2 0.8 94.0 H-0103 1.8 - 98.2 H-0104 2.9 - 97.1 H-0105 1.6 - 98.5 S矿区 S-01 - - 100.0 S-0101 - - 100.0 S-0102 7.0 - 93.1 S-0103 6.2 - 93.8 S-0104 6.6 - 93.4 S-0105 - - 100.0 Q矿区 Q - - 100.0 T矿区 T 4.4 - 95.6 J矿区 J - - 100.0
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表 3 H矿区珍珠岩玻璃质化学成分
Table 3. Chemical composition analysis of perlite glassy structure obtained from H mining field
/% 元素 Si Al K Na Ca Fe O Spot 1 35.04 8.31 5.00 2.26 0.45 0.54 48.40 Spot 2 35.79 8.39 5.73 2.38 0.54 0.53 46.65 Spot 3 36.36 8.54 5.69 2.39 0.49 0.55 45.97 Spot 4 36.71 8.66 5.24 2.60 0.47 0.51 45.82 Spot 5 35.55 8.39 5.36 2.35 0.46 0.43 47.46 Spot 6 34.96 8.32 5.32 2.75 0.49 0.51 47.65 Spot 7 36.19 8.43 5.81 2.65 0.54 0.55 45.82 Spot 8 36.50 8.55 5.48 2.29 0.47 0.57 46.15 Spot 9 35.91 8.48 5.06 2.17 0.44 0.56 47.39 Spot 10 34.87 8.25 5.43 2.62 0.45 0.55 47.84 平均 35.79 8.43 5.41 2.44 0.48 0.53 46.91
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表 4 H矿区珍珠岩矿物组成
Table 4. Mineral composition analysis of perlite obtained from H mining ore
/% 矿物名称 质量分数 面积比 玻璃质 85.38 82.80 斜发沸石 9.74 11.67 蒙脱石 3.13 3.39 Cr2O3* 0.08 0.04 高岭石 0.02 0.02 磁铁矿 0.01 0.01 斜长石 0.01 ＜0.01 钠长石 0.01 ＜0.01 磷灰石 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 钾长石 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 锆石 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 黄铁矿 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 黑云母 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 未知矿物 1.46 1.86 低计数率 0.16 0.21 合计 100.00 100.00 *Cr2O3来源于磨片使用抛光粉的残留物。
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表 5 珍珠岩结合水含量与膨胀倍数
Table 5. The amount of bound water content in perlite ore and its expansion ratio
矿区名称 样品名称 结合水含量/% 实验室测定膨胀倍数(K) 换算工业生产的膨胀倍数(K0) H矿区 H-01 5.61 4.4 18.7 H-0102 5.61 4.0 16.6 H-0103 5.41 4.4 18.7 H-0104 5.51 5.0 21.8 H-0105 5.21 4.4 18.7 S-01 5.20 4.2 17.6 S-0101 4.59 4.4 18.7 S矿区 S-0102 5.20 5.2 22.9 S-0103 5.10 5.0 21.8 S-0104 5.00 5.4 23.9 Q矿区 Q 4.59 4.6 19.7 T矿区 T 5.10 5.6 24.9 J矿区 J 4.90 5.0 21.8
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