Distribution characteristics, types, supply-demand and development utilization status of zirconium and titanium resources
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摘要:
研究目的 中国锆-钛矿产资源禀赋较差而市场需求较大，因此每年需大量进口锆-钛矿产资源，梳理锆-钛矿产资源分布、成矿类型及供需现状，对于进一步开展锆-钛矿产勘查及开发意义重大。
研究方法 本文系统收集和整理了全球锆-钛矿产资源禀赋、矿床类型、供需条件及资源潜力。
研究结果 全球锆矿资源主要以砂矿型锆英石为主，钛矿资源主要以钛铁矿和金红石为主，高品质钛矿资源也以沉积型砂矿为主。全球锆-钛矿产资源具有分布集中、供需分离等特点，主要表现为：锆矿资源主要集中在澳大利亚（71.43%）、南非（8.43%）和莫桑比克（2.57%）三个国家（占比80%以上），中国是全球最大的锆矿资源进口国，进口来源国主要为澳大利亚和南非；钛铁矿资源主要分布在中国（32.86%）、澳大利亚（22.86%）和印度（12.14%）等国，金红石资源则主要分布在澳大利亚（62.31%）、印度（14.87%）和南非（13.07%）等国，中国钛矿资源虽然储量占比高，但资源禀赋差（高品级钛矿依赖进口），是全球最大的钛矿资源净进口国，莫桑比克和越南是中国目前最大的钛矿资源海外来源地。
结论 锆-钛矿产资源未来仍是中国的紧缺矿种，应进一步加大勘查开发投入、拓展海外来源地、提升产业链发展水平，并尽快建立锆-钛矿产资源可持续发展及保障体系。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective Zirconium and titanium resources in China are scarce and the market demand is large, heavily dependent on import. Sorting out the distribution of zirconium and titanium resources, metallogenic types and supply and demand status is of great significance for further zirconium and titanium exploration and development.
Methods This paper systematically collected and sorted out the endowment, deposit types, supply and demand conditions and resource potentials of zirconium and titanium resources in the world.
Results Zirconium resources in the world are mainly placer-type, titanium resources consist mainly of ilmenite and rutile, and high-quality titanium resources are also dominated by sedimentary placers. Zirconium and titanium resources in the world have the characteristics of concentrated distribution and separation between supply and demand, shown mainly as follows: Zirconium resources are mainly concentrated in Australia (71.43%), South Africa (8.43%) and Mozambique (2.57%) (accounting for more than 80%). China is the world's largest importer of zirconium resources, mainly from Australia and South Africa; Ilmenite resources are mainly distributed in China (32.86%), Australia (22.86%), India (12.14%) and other countries, while rutile resources are mainly distributed in Australia (62.31%), India (14.87%), South Africa (13.07%) and other countries. Although China's titanium resources account for a high proportion of reserves, its resource endowment is poor (high-grade titanium depends on imports), and it is the world's largest net importer of titanium resources, Mozambique and Vietnam are currently the largest overseas sources of titanium resources.
Conclusions Zirconium and titanium resources are still in short supply in China in the future. We should further increase investment in exploration and development, expand overseas sources, improve the level of industrial chain development, and establish a sustainable development and security system for zirconium and titanium resources as soon as possible.
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表 2 主要矿业公司所控制的锆-钛矿产资源量
Table 2. Resources of zirconium and titanium controlled by major mining companies
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